Mainframes and Minicomputers
The transistor and integrated circuit, Moore's law, IBM and the System/360, the 8-bit byte, FORTRAN, COBOL and Grace Hopper, batch processing and punched cards, time-sharing (CTSS, Multics), DEC and the minicomputer, databases (IBM's IMS, Codd's 1970 relational model), and computing in banks and governments, including early computers in Nigeria.
Computing becomes an industry
Edgar Codd's 1970 paper on the relational model, written at IBM, led to SQL and to every relational database in the Postgres and Formal Theory courses. Banks were among the earliest commercial users; much core banking software in the world still descends from mainframe designs of this era.
In Nigeria, the first computers arrived in the 1960s: IBM machines were installed for organisations such as the Nigerian Ports Authority and universities (the University of Ibadan acquired one in the early 1960s, commonly dated 1963), mainly for payroll, statistics and research.
Paul Ceruzzi, A History of Modern Computing (2nd ed., 2003); E.F. Codd, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" (1970); Gordon Moore, "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" (1965); histories of computing in Nigeria are sparse, and dates for the earliest installations vary between accounts.