Part 6 · 1 chapters · ~8 min

Yuan: The Mongols

Chinggis Khan and the Mongol conquest of north China, Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368), the conquest of the Southern Song, the ethnic hierarchy, Dadu (Beijing), Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta, the failed invasions of Japan, Yuan drama and culture, and the rebellions that ended Mongol rule (see Ancient Kingdoms P11 for the wider empire).

7

Part of a world empire

For a century China was part of the largest contiguous land empire in history. Debate continues over Marco Polo: his book describes Kublai's court in detail but omits things like tea and the Great Wall; some historians think parts are second-hand, while Hans Ulrich Vogel (2013) argued his details on currency and salt show first-hand knowledge.

Morris Rossabi, Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times (1988); Timothy Brook, The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (2010); Hans Ulrich Vogel, Marco Polo Was in China (2013); Ibn Battuta, Rihla.

THE YUAN: CHINA UNDER THE MONGOLS
from Rossabi 1988 and Brook 2010
1215Mongols take Zhongdu(Beijing)1260Kublai becomes Great Khan1271Yuan dynasty proclaimed1279Southern Song conquered
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conquest
Chinggis Khan's armies took the Jin capital Zhongdu in 1215; his grandson Kublai proclaimed the Yuan dynasty in 1271 and completed the conquest of the Southern Song in 1279.
conquest over decadesKublai Khan